Item

Where to find

Assurance opportunity

1.

Long-term debt:

The terms of these loans as well as the payment methods and the dates must be disclosed in the financial statements.

Balance sheet

Debt Redemption Plan to maximise tax benefits and to settle debt on due date; or

Endowment assurance to provide for redemption when term expires; plus

Contingency liability policy to ensure repayment on death of director.

2.

Director's loan account/loans from directors:

Terms must also be disclosed in financial statements.

Balance sheet

Director's loan account plan to maximise returns; or

Endowment assurance to accrue funds for settling the debt; plus

Contingent liability policy to ensure repayment at death of director.

3.

Fixed assets:

Fixed assets reduce in value and have to be replaced at certain stages or need maintenance and upgrading.

Balance sheet

Endowment assurance funded by income retained as a result of the tax saving through depreciation of assets.

4.

Investments in subsidiaries.

Balance sheet

This item only indicates a source of further prospecting as a result of the association between the companies.

5.

Loan to directors:

Full disclosure in the notes to the balance sheet.

Balance sheet

Life assurance taken out by the director and offered as collateral security;

Endowment assurance to accrue funds for settling the loan.

6.

Debtors:

Some debtors maintain a high balance of debt to the business.

Balance sheet

Income statement

Life assurance taken out by the debtor and offered as collateral security;

Details of the debtor as a source of further prospecting.

7.

Director's remuneration:

Legislation requires full disclosure of fees, salaries and commission paid to directors.

Balance sheet

Income statement

Source of prospecting based on the income earned by the director.

8.

Employees' remuneration:

Evaluate the position of the employees regarding the assurance opportunities depicted alongside.

Income statement

Financial planning

Group retirement annuities

Preferred remuneration

Deferred remuneration

Medical fund

9.

Contingent liability:

Indicates liabilities the business will have to face in future, examples of which are depicted alongside.

Balance sheet

Auditor's report

If a director should die and guarantees are claimed (contingent liability assurance);

If a director should die and the company would suffer financial loss as a result of this (key person assurance).

10.

Share options:

The difference between the market value of the shares and the price at which the employee or director obtain them is taxable.

Balance sheet

(notes)

Endowment assurance to meet the tax liability that will arise on receipt of the shares (the difference between the market value and predetermined purchase price will be taxable).

11.

Depreciation:

Shown in the notes to the balance sheet. Indicates future need to replace asset.

Balance sheet

Income statement

Endowment assurance to accrue funds for replacements.

12.

Cash in the bank:

Normally defined in the notes (in other words, where invested and at what interest rate).

Balance sheet

Evaluate the current earnings in comparison with other investment possibilities. In other words, are the returns taxable or non-taxable?